Ioreg For Mac Os

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This document explains the terminology, concepts, architecture, and basic mechanisms of the I/O Kit, Apple’s object-oriented framework for developing device drivers for OS X. It contains essential background information for anyone wanting to create device drivers for this platform.

Who Should Read This Document?

There are two general types of I/O Kit developers, and this document tries to be useful to both. The first type is the developer creating a device driver that is to be resident in the kernel; the second type is the application developer who is using an I/O Kit device interface to communicate with hardware. Some chapters contain information useful to both types of developers, and others contain information that is of interest only to writers of kernel-resident drivers.

Obviously there are things I/O Kit Fundamentals does not cover. It does not, for example, describe the use of the development tools or the use of specific driver programming interfaces. But it does help you to understand the hows and whys of the I/O Kit, enabling you to obtain the most value from the more specific documentation and examples.

Organization of This Document

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I/O Kit Fundamentals gives a broad, conceptual description of the I/O Kit and device-driver development on OS X. It contains the following chapters:

  • Describes the features and benefits of the I/O Kit, and also discusses the philosophy and decisions informing its design.

  • Gives a high-level description of the I/O Kit’s architecture, essential concepts, and basic mechanisms.

  • Describes the I/O Registry, a dynamic database capturing the client/provider relationships among active driver objects.

  • Explains the matching process by which the most appropriate client drivers are found for registered providers. It also summarizes the procedure processes in user space follow to find suitable devices and their drivers.

  • Describes the base classes that each driver object directly or indirectly inherits from. It includes discussions of object construction and disposal, driver objects as I/O Registry entries, and the driver life cycle.

  • Explains the architecture and usage of work loops and event sources, mechanisms that the I/O Kit uses to process events such as interrupts and I/O requests in a protected single-threaded environment.

  • Describes how to use memory cursors, memory descriptors, and related objects to handle I/O transfers. It also discusses how drivers should deal with hardware constraints, such as those imposed by DMA engines.

  • Explains the concepts of OS X power management and describes different ways drivers can power-manage their devices.

  • Explains how to respond to device removal (hot-swapping).

  • Displays a class hierarchy chart for each family and provides family-specific information that might differ from generic I/O Kit information.

  • Provides a class hierarchy chart for all I/O Kit classes that are not members of a specific family.

  • Lists changes to this document.

  • Lists additional sources for information on OS X and related topics.

  • Defines key terms used in this document.

See Also

Once you’ve absorbed the information in I/O Kit Fundamentals, you should be able to forge ahead and actually create a device driver. Apple provides several documents and other sources of information to help you with your efforts:

  • IOKit Device Driver Design Guidelines describes the general steps required to design, code, debug, and build a device driver that will be resident in the kernel.

  • Accessing Hardware From Applications discusses how to use the I/O Kit’s “device interface” feature; it also includes information on serial and storage I/O via BSD device files.

  • Kernel Extension Programming Topics contains a collection of tutorials that introduce you to the development tools and take you through the steps required to create, debug, and package kernel extensions and I/O Kit drivers (a type of kernel extension). It also includes information on other aspects of kernel extensions.

  • Kernel Programming Guide provides an overview of the architecture and components of the OS X kernel environment (Mach, BSD, networking, file systems, I/O Kit). All developers who intend to program in the kernel (including device-driver writers) should read this document.

  • Mac Technology Overview provides an introduction to OS X as a whole, which is useful for developers new to the platform.

Of course, you can always browse the header files shipped with the I/O Kit, which are installed in Kernel.framework/Headers/iokit (kernel-resident) and IOKit.framework/Headers (device interface).)

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You can also view developer documentation in Xcode. To do this, select Help from the Xcode menu and then click Show Documentation Window.

You can browse the BSD man pages for more information on BSD and POSIX APIs in two ways: You can type manfunction_name in a Terminal window (for example, man gdb) or you can view an HTML version at OS X Man Pages.

If you're ready to develop a universal binary version of a device driver to run in an Intel-based Macintosh, first read Universal Binary Programming Guidelines, Second Edition. Then, see IOKit Device Driver Design Guidelines for an overview of issues of particular interest to device driver developers. Related information that is specific to a particular device type is available in the documents listed at Hardware & Drivers Documentation.

Apple maintains several websites where developers can go for general and technical information on OS X.

  • Apple Developer Connection Reference Library (http://developer.apple.com/referencelibrary/index.html) contains a comprehensive collection of technical resources, including documentation, sample code, and Technical Notes.

  • Apple Developer Connection: OS X (http://developer.apple.com/devcenter/macosx) offers SDKs, release notes, product notes and news, and other resources and information related to OS X.

  • The AppleCare Support site (http://www.apple.com/support) provides a search feature that enables you to locate technical articles, manuals, specifications, and discussions on OS X and other areas.



Copyright © 2001, 2014 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Updated: 2014-04-09

When you upgrade to macOS Catalina, you get more of everything you love about Mac. Experience dedicated apps for music, TV, and podcasts. Smart new features in the apps you use every day. And Sidecar, which lets you use iPad as a second Mac display. Best of all, upgrading is free and easy.

Chances are, your Mac can run macOS Catalina.

Mac computers with Metal-capable graphics processors (GPUs) can upgrade to macOS Catalina.

Make sure you’re ready to upgrade.

Before you upgrade, we recommend that you back up your Mac. Then, if your Mac is running OS X Mavericks 10.9 or later, you can upgrade directly to macOS Catalina.

Upgrading is free. And easier than you think.

Ioreg For Mac Os 10.10

Upgrading from macOS Mojave?

Go to Software Update in System Preferences to find the macOS Catalina upgrade. Click Upgrade Now and follow the onscreen instructions to begin your upgrade. If you don’t have broadband access, you can upgrade your Mac at any Apple Store.

Upgrading from an older version of macOS?

If you’re running High Sierra (10.13), Sierra (10.12), or El Capitan (10.11), upgrade to macOS Catalina from the App Store. If you’re running Lion (10.7) or Mountain Lion (10.8), you will need to upgrade to El Capitan (10.11) first. If you don’t have broadband access, you can upgrade your Mac at any Apple Store.

  • OS X 10.9 or later
  • 4GB of memory
  • 12.5GB of available storage (OS X El Capitan 10.11.5 or later)*
  • Some features require an Apple ID; terms apply.
  • Some features require a compatible internet service provider; fees may apply.

For details about your Mac model, click the Apple icon at the top left of your screen and choose About This Mac. These Mac models are compatible with macOS Catalina:

  • MacBook (Early 2015 or newer)
  • MacBook Air (Mid 2012 or newer)
  • MacBook Pro (Mid 2012 or newer)
  • Mac mini (Late 2012 or newer)
  • iMac (Late 2012 or newer)
  • iMac Pro (2017)
  • Mac Pro (Late 2013 or newer)

Siri

Requires a broadband internet connection and microphone (built-in or external).

Ioreg Mac Os X

Hey Siri

Supported by the following Mac models:

  • MacBook Pro (2018 or newer)
  • MacBook Air (2018 or newer)
  • iMac Pro

Dictation, Voice Control, and Voice Memos

Requires a microphone (built-in or external).

Spotlight Suggestions

Requires a broadband internet connection.

Gestures

Requires a Multi-Touch trackpad, Force Touch trackpad, Magic Trackpad, or Magic Mouse.

Force Touch gestures require a Force Touch trackpad.

VoiceOver gestures require a Multi-Touch trackpad, Force Touch trackpad, or Magic Trackpad.

Photo Booth

Requires a FaceTime or iSight camera (built-in or external), or USB video class (UVC) camera.

FaceTime

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Audio calls require a microphone (built-in or external) and broadband internet connection.

Video calls require a built-in FaceTime camera, an iSight camera (built-in or external), or a USB video class (UVC) camera; and broadband internet connection.

Apple TV

High Dynamic Range (HDR) video playback is supported by the following Mac models:

  • MacBook Pro (2018 or newer)
  • iMac Pro (2017)
  • Mac Pro (2019) with Pro Display XDR

Dolby Atmos soundtrack playback is supported by the following Mac models:

  • MacBook Air (2018 or newer)
  • MacBook Pro (2018 or newer)

Sidecar

Supported by the following Mac models:

  • MacBook (2016 or newer)
  • MacBook Air (2018 or newer)
  • MacBook Pro (2016 or newer)
  • Mac mini (2018 or newer)
  • iMac (late 2015 or newer)
  • iMac Pro (2017 or newer)
  • Mac Pro (2019)

Supported by all iPad models with Apple Pencil support:

  • 12.9-inch iPad Pro
  • 11-inch iPad Pro
  • 10.5-inch iPad Pro
  • 9.7-inch iPad Pro
  • iPad (6th generation or later)
  • iPad mini (5th generation)
  • iPad Air (3rd generation)

Continuity Camera

Requires an iPhone or iPad with a Lightning connector and iOS 12 or later.

Continuity Sketch and Continuity Markup

Requires an iPhone with iOS 13 or an iPad with iPadOS.

Handoff

Requires an iPhone or iPad with a Lightning connector and iOS 8 or later.

Instant Hotspot

Requires an iPhone or iPad with cellular connectivity, a Lightning connector, and iOS 8.1 or later. Requires Personal Hotspot service through your carrier.

Universal Clipboard

Requires an iPhone or iPad with a Lightning connector and iOS 10 or later.

Auto Unlock

Supported by Mac models introduced in mid 2013 or later.

Requires an Apple Watch with watchOS 3 or later or an iPhone 5 or later.

Approve with Apple Watch

Supported by Mac models introduced in mid 2013 or later.

Requires an Apple Watch with watchOS 6 or later or an iPhone 6s or later with iOS 13.

Apple Pay on the Web

Requires MacBook Pro with Touch Bar, an iPhone 6 or later with iOS 10 or later, or an Apple Watch with watchOS 3 or later.

Phone Calling

Requires an iPhone with iOS 8 or later and an activated carrier plan.

SMS

Requires an iPhone with iOS 8.1 or later and an activated carrier plan.

Home

Requires an iPhone with iOS 12 or later and a configured Home app.

AirDrop

AirDrop to iOS and iPadOS devices requires an iPhone or iPad with a Lightning connector and iOS 7 or later.

AirPlay

AirPlay Mirroring requires an Apple TV (2nd generation or later).

AirPlay for web video requires an Apple TV (2nd generation or later).

Peer-to-peer AirPlay requires a Mac (2012 or later) and an Apple TV (3rd generation rev A, model A1469 or later) with Apple TV software 7.0 or later.

Time Machine

Requires an external storage device (sold separately).

Power Nap

Supported by the following Mac models:

  • MacBook (Early 2015 or newer)
  • MacBook Air (Mid 2012 or newer)
  • MacBook Pro with Retina display (Mid 2012 or newer)
  • Mac mini (Late 2012 or newer)
  • iMac (Late 2012 or newer)
  • iMac Pro (2017)
  • Mac Pro (Late 2013 or newer)

Boot Camp

Allows Boot Camp installations of Windows 10 on supported Mac models.

Exchange Support

Requires Microsoft Office 365, Exchange 2016, Exchange 2013, or Exchange Server 2010. Installing the latest Service Packs is recommended.

Windows Migration

Supports OS X 10.7 or later and Windows 7 or later.

App Store

Ioreg For Mac Os

Available only to persons age 13 or older in the U.S. and many other countries and regions.

  • Apple Books
  • Apple News
  • App Store
  • Automator
  • Calculator
  • Calendar
  • Chess
  • Contacts
  • Dictionary
  • DVD Player
  • FaceTime
  • Find My
  • Font Book
  • Home
  • Image Capture
  • Launchpad
  • Mail
  • Maps
  • Messages
  • Mission Control
  • Music
  • Notes
  • Photo Booth
  • Photos
  • Podcasts
  • Preview
  • QuickTime Player
  • Reminders
  • Safari
  • Siri
  • Stickies
  • Stocks
  • System Preferences
  • TextEdit
  • Time Machine
  • TV
  • Voice Memos
  • Activity Monitor
  • AirPort Utility
  • Audio MIDI Setup
  • Bluetooth File Exchange
  • Boot Camp Assistant
  • ColorSync Utility
  • Console
  • Digital Color Meter
  • Disk Utility
  • Grapher
  • Keychain Access
  • Migration Assistant
  • Screenshot
  • Screen Time
  • Script Editor
  • Sidecar
  • System Information
  • Terminal
  • VoiceOver Utility
  • Arabic
  • Catalan
  • Croatian
  • Simplified Chinese
  • Traditional Chinese
  • Traditional Chinese (Hong Kong)
  • Czech
  • Danish
  • Dutch
  • English (Australia)
  • English (UK)
  • English (U.S.)
  • Finnish
  • French
  • French (Canada)
  • German
  • Greek
  • Hebrew
  • Hindi
  • Hungarian
  • Indonesian
  • Italian
  • Japanese
  • Korean
  • Malay
  • Norwegian
  • Polish
  • Brazilian Portuguese
  • Portuguese
  • Romanian
  • Russian
  • Slovak
  • Spanish
  • Spanish (Latin America)
  • Swedish
  • Thai
  • Turkish
  • Ukrainian
  • Vietnamese